Learn Civil: Advanced Foundation Design

Settlement in the soil

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There are the three kind of settlements, occured in soil<br />
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<li><b><span style="color: red;">Immediate Settilement</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="color: red;">primery settilement (consolidation settlement)</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="color: red;">secondry settlement</span></b></li>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>Immidiate settlement : </b></span></div>
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Immediate settlement take place during the construction or after the construction of structure. its also known a distorsion settlement.</div>
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It's computed by the elastic theory especially for cohesion soil.</div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>Primery settlement : </b></span></div>
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<li>this type of settlement occured due to th expulsion of water from the voides of soil called primery or comsolidation settlement.</li>
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<span style="color: red;"><b>Secondry Settlement :</b></span></div>
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<li>this type of settlement occured due to the rearrangement  of the soil particles or we can say that  it is occured due the volume change in the soil particcles called secondry settlement.</li>
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Settlement in the soil

There are the three kind of settlements, occured in soil Immediate Settilement primery settilement (consolidation settlement) secondry...

Foundation in black cotton soil (expansive soil)

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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">where we use under reamed pile :</span></b><br />
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<li><b>Underreamed piles are used in espansive soil.</b></li>
<li><b>These pile are researched by RORKEE CBRI (central building research institute in INDIA).</b></li>
<li><b>These type of pile transfer the  building load at a depth through the pile beyond the seasonal zone variation in moisture content.</b></li>
<li><b>Depth is kept about 3.65 meter for black cotten soil.</b></li>
<li><b>Under reamed pile are bored cast in situ piles and have a base like bulb.</b></li>
<li><b>The spacing of piles is kept 1.5 meter to 3.0 meter</b></li>
<li><b> These piles are connected by the plinth beam at the top. plinth beam is a reinforced concrete beam.</b></li>
<li><b> Reinforced is also provided  in the uunderreamed pile to absorb the tensile forces which are developed during the swelling  of soil and these forces are commonly called uplift force.</b></li>
<li><b>The other big advantage of providing reinforcemnt in underreamed pile is that during the hot weather soil shrinks and pile acts as column</b>.</li>
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Foundation in black cotton soil (expansive soil)

where we use under reamed pile : Underreamed piles are used in espansive soil. These pile are researched by RORKEE CBRI (central buildi...

why we use piles in group insted of single pile.

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Cause of  using of pile in group :</span></b><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>A pile is not used singulerly benearth the column because it's difficult to drive the pile absolutly verrically and to place a foundation exactly over it's center line.<br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiceKIThJb-b_aBDQ_YQCcUkU6XENBG6LWAEuZDXSTYERxP5ztf1ACKuX1fRbM2K4iOEZdkJA2NggXcnS-merznkuyEU8VPCMiyyF0fay3NQXwJPW773Lm9-fMr-2_cBgJsLjjPPoQghuE/s1600/p1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiceKIThJb-b_aBDQ_YQCcUkU6XENBG6LWAEuZDXSTYERxP5ztf1ACKuX1fRbM2K4iOEZdkJA2NggXcnS-merznkuyEU8VPCMiyyF0fay3NQXwJPW773Lm9-fMr-2_cBgJsLjjPPoQghuE/s1600/p1.gif" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCnCdJIg-QdmdKBspeQwcXyIglYf4XMjgQKS9wvPVfCQSDdZxL0UOUFX7caXIKOKO-DwmBrlve_Ox1m1ycx4mk1QhF6Y39aOGcsQD4T8eyE2TlWtsVCUlF_Yslgi0sd2re7fXsjRKvgi4/s1600/p2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCnCdJIg-QdmdKBspeQwcXyIglYf4XMjgQKS9wvPVfCQSDdZxL0UOUFX7caXIKOKO-DwmBrlve_Ox1m1ycx4mk1QhF6Y39aOGcsQD4T8eyE2TlWtsVCUlF_Yslgi0sd2re7fXsjRKvgi4/s1600/p2.gif" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br /><br /><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="color: red;"><b>If eccentrically loading acts, the connection b/w thepile and column may bereak and pile may be fail due to bending action.</b></span></li><li><span style="color: red;"><b>for column minimum three piles are used</b></span></li><li><span style="color: red;"><b>The super structure ais supported by the several piles as a group</b></span></li><li><span style="color: red;"><b>the load usually transfered to pile group  the rcc slab or pile cap</b></span></li><li><span style="color: red;"><b>The load carrying capacity of group pile is not equal to the sum ofcapacity of individual piles</b></span></li><li><span style="color: red;"><b>the estimation of load carrying capacity in group pile is a complecated problem because when the piles are spaced apart, the group capacity is sum of individual pile capacities.</b></span></li></ol><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRSQHgQ66ErEjdcGQQUnixH5P9N1Xw1M_EvAVPsrBZRolsq7gie_TdnuUCUVIgNWmVJbRIkGxU3rFoZvtiTOZ3Zoot6O5dsWHM3uUszG5M5u8wCGWIgTIBlbrRvL74fktwK2G_sAiLvKc/s1600/p3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRSQHgQ66ErEjdcGQQUnixH5P9N1Xw1M_EvAVPsrBZRolsq7gie_TdnuUCUVIgNWmVJbRIkGxU3rFoZvtiTOZ3Zoot6O5dsWHM3uUszG5M5u8wCGWIgTIBlbrRvL74fktwK2G_sAiLvKc/s1600/p3.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span></div></div>

why we use piles in group insted of single pile.

Cause of using of pile in group : A pile is not used singulerly benearth the column because it's difficult to drive the pile absolutly ...

Type of foundation

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: red;"><b>Foundation Broadly can be classified into two type : </b></span><br /><br /><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><b>shallow foundation</b></li><li><b>Deep foundation</b></li></ol><b><span style="color: red;">Shallow Foundation : </span></b><br /><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>A shallow foundation is that which transmits the load to the strata at a shallow depth</li><li>shallow foundation is laid at a depth <b><span style="color: red;">equal to or less than it's width</span></b> called shallow foundation.</li></ul><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKEpFZWkrWM2kdP5PxW_psuw05rC6W7WP70JnAQZ2OBv_0XFVoKDNqU1tOys5p7KDTx62ozWDu3dLruOx1_j8vrDV_E2jb62a7Woab54ApMGKHBKAM2U5vWxMh0iyjXVtPPACiF-Njth0/s1600/shallow+f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKEpFZWkrWM2kdP5PxW_psuw05rC6W7WP70JnAQZ2OBv_0XFVoKDNqU1tOys5p7KDTx62ozWDu3dLruOx1_j8vrDV_E2jb62a7Woab54ApMGKHBKAM2U5vWxMh0iyjXVtPPACiF-Njth0/s1600/shallow+f.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoYapJeBOmUHHpjilVy9zSzrLDmq36Taf3Z1rnTQImDm19CMx1tAfejbbR6aMfFnxqziIwgfW8uvwU1iLk_I8vhDeTd8zGgdsCD3RPwGYU_tGgelruOVM0qYgjVlRehabzzgNKG7W5uRQ/s1600/Fig9.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoYapJeBOmUHHpjilVy9zSzrLDmq36Taf3Z1rnTQImDm19CMx1tAfejbbR6aMfFnxqziIwgfW8uvwU1iLk_I8vhDeTd8zGgdsCD3RPwGYU_tGgelruOVM0qYgjVlRehabzzgNKG7W5uRQ/s1600/Fig9.gif" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Now First we will discuss completly about the shallow foundation </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></div>

Type of foundation

Foundation Broadly can be classified into two type : shallow foundation Deep foundation Shallow Foundation : A shallow foundation is that ...

what is Foundation ?

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="color: red;">Foundation : </span></b><br /><div><b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></div><div>A foundation is a substructure that transmits the structure load to the earth in such a way that the soil under goes deformation called foundation.</div><div><br /></div><div>A foundation fig is given below : </div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6gLaLIxWlyVpK_LlH_yXsx9FFPabhZx_ZIem6hyphenhyphenShrJGkjc0_KziGKVb0t4lr0et9goUc0J6jzDV6wLdnYwqGI19xqc7jPKfI68wAvhDV5Gr7FpKc7UwObBXqEja8AC8SzG0jDxy-iWM/s1600/foundation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6gLaLIxWlyVpK_LlH_yXsx9FFPabhZx_ZIem6hyphenhyphenShrJGkjc0_KziGKVb0t4lr0et9goUc0J6jzDV6wLdnYwqGI19xqc7jPKfI68wAvhDV5Gr7FpKc7UwObBXqEja8AC8SzG0jDxy-iWM/s1600/foundation.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div></div></div>

what is Foundation ?

Foundation : A foundation is a substructure that transmits the structure load to the earth in such a way that the soil under goes deformati...