Effect of turbidity on health accouding to Environmental Protection Agency (United State America)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Effect of turbidity on health :</span></b><br /> <br /> <span style="color: blue;"><b>Health effects from turbid water will depend upon the type of material in the water that</b></span><br /> <b><span style="color: blue;">is causing the turbidity</span><span style="color: red;">.</span></b><br /> <span style="color: red;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue;"><b> Higher turbidity levels are often associated with disease-causing microorganisms such</b></span><br /> <span style="color: blue;"><b>as viruses, parasites and some bacteria. These organisms can cause symptoms such as</b></span><br /> <span style="color: blue;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="color: red;">o</span> <span style="color: red;">Nausea</span></b><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b>o Cramps</b></span><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b>o Diarrhea</b></span><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b>o Head aches</b></span><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-size: large;">cause turbid water :</span></b><br /> <b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><b><span style="color: red;"> A leaky or malfunctioning septic or sewer system</span></b><br /> <b><span style="color: red;"> Soil erosion</span></b><br /> <b><span style="color: red;"> Algae or weeds</span></b><br /> <b><span style="color: red;"> High iron concentrations which can give water a rust-red coloration</span></b><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b></b></span><br /> <b><span style="color: red;"> Air bubbles or particles from a water treatment system</span></b><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: large;">standard for turbidity in drinking water.</span></b><br /> <b><br /></b><b><span style="color: red;">The Maximum Contaminant Level, as set by the Environmental Protection Agency, is 1</span></b><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b></b></span><br /> <b><span style="color: red;">nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU).</span></b><br /> <b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJTOE4QjXWb47-DayouGCDKWKanzFmla3nG5PpGByRFBPNtM0WUVf_wMsmBn6YmuTMvLxJmvkv5MYV5qJTHePlGeEDFKXz0sWMFkl8sdwAeqQhEWockPttwOHiOOfRs7B3-5wvmmyeKhg/s1600/turbit.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJTOE4QjXWb47-DayouGCDKWKanzFmla3nG5PpGByRFBPNtM0WUVf_wMsmBn6YmuTMvLxJmvkv5MYV5qJTHePlGeEDFKXz0sWMFkl8sdwAeqQhEWockPttwOHiOOfRs7B3-5wvmmyeKhg/s1600/turbit.PNG" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="color: blue;">Water samples with different levels of turbidity, measured in NTU’s</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></b></div> <b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></div>

Effect of turbidity on health accouding to Environmental Protection Agency (United State America)

Effect of turbidity on health : Health effects from turbid water will depend upon the type of material in the water that is causing the turbidity.  Higher turbidity levels are often associated with …

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Settlement in the soil

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> There are the three kind of settlements, occured in soil<br /> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><b><span style="color: red;">Immediate Settilement</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color: red;">primery settilement (consolidation settlement)</span></b></li> <li><b><span style="color: red;">secondry settlement</span></b></li> </ul> <span style="color: red;"><b>Immidiate settlement : </b></span></div> <div> <span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span></div> <div> Immediate settlement take place during the construction or after the construction of structure. its also known a distorsion settlement.</div> <div> It's computed by the elastic theory especially for cohesion soil.</div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhIGX10UufTAOQ8C54zLoB021uZmsZdyh2ctCh8qFI9cnq66ipX-D2LFIyUA87Smjwh5CjhP6PrCUSYQJs2mC6rp2KYitwJ-J151hdK4Pj01g1D9tz5c4o-BLpHF0BwoFq4UchbS9ssik/s1600/House_Settlement.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhIGX10UufTAOQ8C54zLoB021uZmsZdyh2ctCh8qFI9cnq66ipX-D2LFIyUA87Smjwh5CjhP6PrCUSYQJs2mC6rp2KYitwJ-J151hdK4Pj01g1D9tz5c4o-BLpHF0BwoFq4UchbS9ssik/s1600/House_Settlement.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <span style="color: red;"><b>Primery settlement : </b></span></div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>this type of settlement occured due to th expulsion of water from the voides of soil called primery or comsolidation settlement.</li> </ul> <span style="color: red;"><b>Secondry Settlement :</b></span></div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>this type of settlement occured due to the rearrangement  of the soil particles or we can say that  it is occured due the volume change in the soil particcles called secondry settlement.</li> </ul> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTYI8MqqmhMtIU6bib8VrHNdiDSawxgOsAxmai_2cSSL8LClPT6iC5CpNF4OMcBInUwA-ZfW4v-_odLe_oq6dTnJPHF-gHAk9mbk3UzmY7hjbT21_pT4IpgpG0rElYY84tnk5RJqAL270/s1600/foundation-settlement-graphic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTYI8MqqmhMtIU6bib8VrHNdiDSawxgOsAxmai_2cSSL8LClPT6iC5CpNF4OMcBInUwA-ZfW4v-_odLe_oq6dTnJPHF-gHAk9mbk3UzmY7hjbT21_pT4IpgpG0rElYY84tnk5RJqAL270/s1600/foundation-settlement-graphic.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <div> <br /></div> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">                                                                                                               </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">                                                                                                                                                                                               </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">                                             </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> </div>

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Settlement in the soil

There are the three kind of settlements, occured in soil Immediate Settilement primery settilement (consolidation settlement) secondry settlement Immidiate settlement :  Immediate settlement take pla…

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Difference between Working Stress Method and Limit state Method

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">The difference between working stress method and limit state method</span></b><br /> <span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><span style="text-align: left;">In the beganning working stress method is adopted in which concrete and steel are assumed in compression due to which section big  are constructed . but in actual practice it is impossible that concrete cant bear tensile stress. this was the limitation of woring stress method</span><br /> <span style="text-align: left;"> For example you can see ancient building construction in which beam and column have greater thickness due to which construction is expansive or not economical and this method is rejected</span><br /> <span style="text-align: left;">After a long time limit state method is researched that is economical</span><br /> <span style="text-align: left;">Difference : </span><br /> <br /> <span style="text-align: left;">In working stress method section are constructed big while in limit state method are constructed within a limit according to load</span><br /> <span style="text-align: left;">In working stress method factor of safety did not adopted while in limit state method factor of safety is adopted about 1.5.</span><br /> <span style="text-align: left;"> working stress method is not economical while limit state method is economical</span></div> <ul style="text-align: left;"></ul> </div>

Difference between Working Stress Method and Limit state Method

The difference between working stress method and limit state method In the beganning working stress method is adopted in which concrete and steel are assumed in compression due to which section big  …

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Type of stones

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b><span style="font-size: large;"><u>stone</u> : </span></b><br /> <br /> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="color: red;"><b>Stone is a ‘naturally available building material.</b></span></li> <li><span style="color: red;"><b>which has been used from the early age of civilization.</b></span></li> <li><b style="color: red;">It has been used to construct small residential buildings to large palaces and temples all over the world.</b><span style="color: red;"><b> Red Fort, Taj Mahal, Vidhan Sabha at Bangalore and several palaces of medieval age all over India are the famous stone buildings.</b></span></li> </ol> <div> <span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiBVBr9ThbjqNSmVAB95gnWUUmjWGmwIfE0-Ab7fKG3zij8usaQ8RQJAVoN87743M8a6wWHfV0G1iJxfttLAp-RmNyGbh9Xehlsj8e5AFYF4xa5rTBPgSTW_YSgvQxYqrAaAJIQtJaXuk/s1600/rock-cycle1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiBVBr9ThbjqNSmVAB95gnWUUmjWGmwIfE0-Ab7fKG3zij8usaQ8RQJAVoN87743M8a6wWHfV0G1iJxfttLAp-RmNyGbh9Xehlsj8e5AFYF4xa5rTBPgSTW_YSgvQxYqrAaAJIQtJaXuk/s1600/rock-cycle1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><b><span style="font-size: large;">which type  of stones are used in civil engineering  ?</span></b><br /> <b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><b><span style="color: red;">Three kind of stone are used based on .....</span></b><br /> <b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>• Geological</b></span><br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>• Physical</b></span><br /> <b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"></span></b><br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b>• Chemical</b></span><br /> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9k1_wjuSSZ8dZaVNe0JFb8tz-agQ4LZG9TdcJQEftIQ_07r5gYCpjFNyr_SrICgn68uEOTgfpq13Snu-u5LzX9YqYe46hR9LrtrcKM5Y6wukfmbNWwRpQURviZyy0CbV1s0nnHREM1Lw/s1600/RockCycle.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="371" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9k1_wjuSSZ8dZaVNe0JFb8tz-agQ4LZG9TdcJQEftIQ_07r5gYCpjFNyr_SrICgn68uEOTgfpq13Snu-u5LzX9YqYe46hR9LrtrcKM5Y6wukfmbNWwRpQURviZyy0CbV1s0nnHREM1Lw/s1600/RockCycle.GIF" width="400" /></a></div> <span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span><b><u style="font-size: x-large;">Geological type stone</u><span style="font-size: large;"> :  T</span><span style="color: blue;">hese are three type</span></b><br /> <b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="color: red;"><b>Igneous Rocks</b></span></li> <li><span style="color: red;"><b>Sedimentary Rocks</b></span></li> <li><span style="color: red;"><b>Metamorphic Rocks</b></span></li> </ol> <br /> <b><u style="font-size: x-large;">physical rocks</u><span style="font-size: large;"> : </span><span style="color: blue;">These are of Two type</span></b><br /> <b><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></b><span style="color: red;"><b>• Stratified rocks</b></span><br /> <b><span style="color: red;"></span></b><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b>• Unstratified rocks</b></span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span><b><u style="font-size: x-large;">Chemical</u><span style="font-size: large;"> : </span><span style="color: blue;">These are of three kind</span></b><br /> <b><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></b><span style="color: blue; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="color: red;"><b>• Silicious rocks</b></span><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b>• Argillaceous rocks and</b></span><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b>• Calcareous rocks</b></span><br /> <span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>

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Type of stones

stone :  Stone is a ‘naturally available building material. which has been used from the early age of civilization. It has been used to construct small residential buildings to large palaces and temp…

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difference between one-way slab and two way slab

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b><br /></b><b><span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;">One way slab : </span></b><br /> <br /> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><b>rcc </b>One way slab are thos supported continuously on two opposit sides so that loads are carried along the one direction only.</li> <li>oneway slab are made to span in shorter direction.</li> <li>The main reinforcement is provided in the span direction and also provided in traverse direction to distribute any uneveness that occure in loading and for temprature and shrinkage effect in that direction and this reinforcement also called distribution steel.</li> </ol> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimAvnJbHMPnKZAWBYtF6lV9cPS2yh55crxYQ-XKCwyABPIj8XN37Bq-cQXpTA6BaQJKz9NRK62EYuSqAQtJSKUjbb4EDHuDOTk3KOUXMIN4jo2V_bb1p7FpcCYOXMAq-3l8gLjSfhnanQ/s1600/one.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimAvnJbHMPnKZAWBYtF6lV9cPS2yh55crxYQ-XKCwyABPIj8XN37Bq-cQXpTA6BaQJKz9NRK62EYuSqAQtJSKUjbb4EDHuDOTk3KOUXMIN4jo2V_bb1p7FpcCYOXMAq-3l8gLjSfhnanQ/s1600/one.PNG" width="308" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdJWiK_eqGkUCNEykCtK-sMndYnnwyvnW0LoufXp7yFZH2eAAajXHoATmIbYlZg00YGaoRcjvAb1y4ur7EFLrsbE073ikn2wzz3OU3xLo_3WTzUVJFuNcoHzt2iIHSYekHf6-PvoLO3kE/s1600/one-way-slab.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdJWiK_eqGkUCNEykCtK-sMndYnnwyvnW0LoufXp7yFZH2eAAajXHoATmIbYlZg00YGaoRcjvAb1y4ur7EFLrsbE073ikn2wzz3OU3xLo_3WTzUVJFuNcoHzt2iIHSYekHf6-PvoLO3kE/s1600/one-way-slab.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div> <b><br /></b><b><br /></b><b><br /></b><b><br /></b></div> <b><span style="color: #660000; font-size: large;">Two way Slab : </span></b><br /> <br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><b>rcc</b> Two way slab are thos that are supported continuously in all four direction.</li> <li>loads are carried out to support along both direction.</li> <li>these are supported on wall.</li> </ul> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0as4jmX0gWUMv0emzbqB8Plyh5TmI5NyWVecGdA8C68zDE1XLM9fq0KeEFhZLTBgFT9C4KDSZVt3XNjkCEkiOvzJNMYTqOmD_UqrR24MFuhoYQeGeJjs_1Hhj-05jC8OVQZX3FNk17yo/s1600/two-way-slabs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0as4jmX0gWUMv0emzbqB8Plyh5TmI5NyWVecGdA8C68zDE1XLM9fq0KeEFhZLTBgFT9C4KDSZVt3XNjkCEkiOvzJNMYTqOmD_UqrR24MFuhoYQeGeJjs_1Hhj-05jC8OVQZX3FNk17yo/s1600/two-way-slabs.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGyf66kKFdiB-9klRJxA1gwFaNszLqYwLqUodv68DaU9C4kE4YuBy5Zr5eRAKrki-bheL7uxzxXd_eVKNbrp8SYU_8LgDstjeowgq4-0aCROZD3IL_fsOMj3PKiKkIUnUAEtCQg99uv_A/s1600/two.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGyf66kKFdiB-9klRJxA1gwFaNszLqYwLqUodv68DaU9C4kE4YuBy5Zr5eRAKrki-bheL7uxzxXd_eVKNbrp8SYU_8LgDstjeowgq4-0aCROZD3IL_fsOMj3PKiKkIUnUAEtCQg99uv_A/s1600/two.PNG" width="320" /></a></div> <div> <b><br /></b></div> <b><br /></b> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <br /></div>

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difference between one-way slab and two way slab

One way slab :  rcc One way slab are thos supported continuously on two opposit sides so that loads are carried along the one direction only. oneway slab are made to span in shorter direction. The ma…

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Foundation in black cotton soil (expansive soil)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">where we use under reamed pile :</span></b><br /> <b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><b>Underreamed piles are used in espansive soil.</b></li> <li><b>These pile are researched by RORKEE CBRI (central building research institute in INDIA).</b></li> <li><b>These type of pile transfer the  building load at a depth through the pile beyond the seasonal zone variation in moisture content.</b></li> <li><b>Depth is kept about 3.65 meter for black cotten soil.</b></li> <li><b>Under reamed pile are bored cast in situ piles and have a base like bulb.</b></li> <li><b>The spacing of piles is kept 1.5 meter to 3.0 meter</b></li> <li><b> These piles are connected by the plinth beam at the top. plinth beam is a reinforced concrete beam.</b></li> <li><b> Reinforced is also provided  in the uunderreamed pile to absorb the tensile forces which are developed during the swelling  of soil and these forces are commonly called uplift force.</b></li> <li><b>The other big advantage of providing reinforcemnt in underreamed pile is that during the hot weather soil shrinks and pile acts as column</b>.</li> </ul> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxDL3UR6MN0wS1RwKCvgyHH7od2J-7z8VVo5r56dK1CYeb3ZB_NGf98NhLjMV-lrgkbTAHIgwCVCfUm8Bm_wfZF_siht9c1F4-u_DkbzIqTdUeRTd1LCRAWwIc8HI8eLepgoEP9wSltR0/s1600/FOUNDATION+IN+BLACK+COTTON+SOIL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxDL3UR6MN0wS1RwKCvgyHH7od2J-7z8VVo5r56dK1CYeb3ZB_NGf98NhLjMV-lrgkbTAHIgwCVCfUm8Bm_wfZF_siht9c1F4-u_DkbzIqTdUeRTd1LCRAWwIc8HI8eLepgoEP9wSltR0/s1600/FOUNDATION+IN+BLACK+COTTON+SOIL.jpg" width="416" /></a></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div> <br /></div> </div>

Foundation in black cotton soil (expansive soil)

where we use under reamed pile : Underreamed piles are used in espansive soil. These pile are researched by RORKEE CBRI (central building research institute in INDIA). These type of pile transfer the…

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